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castle warrior
A castle warrior ((ハンガリー語:várjobbágy), (ラテン語:iobagio castri))〔Bán 1989, p. 237.〕 was a landholder obliged to provide military services to the ''ispán'' or head of a royal castle district in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Castle warriors "formed a privileged, elite class that ruled over the mass of castle folk"〔Engel 2001, p. 71.〕 (Pál Engel) from the establishment of the kingdom around 1000 AD. Due to the disintegration of the system of castle districts, many castle warriors became serfs working on the lands of private landholders in the 13th and 14th centuries; however, some of them were granted a full or "conditional noble" status.
==Origins==
The origin of castle warriors can probably be traced back to Stephen I, the first crowned king of Hungary (1000 or 1001–1038), since most royal castles were erected during his reign.〔 However, the settlement of armed commoners around princely fortresses may well have begun under the rule of his father, Grand Prince Géza.〔Kontler 1999, p. 51.〕 The ''jobbágy'' or ''iobagio'' expression, first recorded between 1127 and 1131, is of Hungarian origin, connected to the Hungarian word for "better" ''(jobb)''.〔Dolovai 2006, p. 354.〕
Castle warriors held landed property with a territory carved out from royal estates attached to a royal castle.〔Lukačka 2011, p. 37.〕 In return for this landholding, they rendered military service to the ''ispán'' of the royal castle.〔〔Rady 2000, p. 20.〕〔Curta 2006, p. 401.〕 Their property was often quite large, with a territory of about .〔〔
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